DRINKING WATER

GettyImages-1315920442 florida Smarter Control For Seasonal Demand: How Aquana Smart Valves Help Utilities Manage Frequent Water Shutoffs

Managing water service in high-turnover communities requires balancing operational costs with infrastructure protection. Remote control technology enables utilities to mitigate the risks of frequent shutoffs, reduce labor-intensive field visits, and detect leaks in vacant properties.

DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS

  • Rural North Texas Community Cuts Non-Revenue Water By 42% With Pipeline Leak Detection Technology

    Discover how a city solved its non-revenue water challenge by rapidly pinpointing three hard-to-find leaks in 13 miles of aging pipeline using a free-swimming acoustic tool.

  • Custom Water Panel Answers Multiple Water Questions

    A mid-size water system in the southeast was looking to pull together multiple measurements in a single panel. After reviewing off-the-shelf solutions, they realized there was nothing that met their requirements.

  • Battling Biofilm

    Biofilms are extremely complex ecosystems that provide excellent protection for the microorganisms within. This often makes them difficult to kill, even with chlorine. Basic understanding of biofilm ecosystems and their behavior to chlorine and other oxidizing biocides can offer valuable insight into achieving better microbial control. 

  • Standards For Testing And Certifying Cured-In-Place Pipe

    It is estimated that nearly 75,000 miles of wastewater and water pipelines have been lined with Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP), with nearly $3 billion spent annually on the trenchless renovation method, worldwide. Recognizing the growing use of CIPP and inability of CCTV inspection to accurately or consistently certify trenchless rehabilitation as defect-free, this paper chronicles the emergence of new guidelines to test, certify, and accept CIPP lining projects, using Focused Electrode Leak Location (FELL) inspection.

  • Why Does Copper Contamination Cause A Risk To Community Health? And How Can It Be Tackled?

    The human body needs small quantities of copper to function. But as well as being a nutrient, copper can also be harmful if consumed in large quantities.

  • Why Static Metrology Is Important In A Modern Era

    As sustainability, climate change resilience, and the overall increasing cost of water increasing come into focus, the needs of water utilities and their customers have shifted.

  • How Valve Insertion Can Underpin Sustainability

    To save money and protect the environment, municipal water systems are increasingly under pressure to adopt sustainable practices. However, progress in this area is often hampered by a wide array of issues. As an alternative to traditional valves, the use of valve insertions has emerged as a sustainable maintenance solution.

  • How Biogrowth Can Aid In Disinfection Byproduct Removal

    Learn how naturally occurring biological growth on carbon media can help enhance removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and thusly reduce the formation of DBPs.

  • Innovative Communication Tool Enables Robust And Contact-Free Control Capabilities

    Two-way wireless communication can provide a wealth of benefits for municipal water utilities, including command and control abilities that underpin a wider smart city infrastructure. However, most tools currently on the market do not provide the flexibility and uncompromising speed that are necessary to enable these capabilities. The newly released Mueller® Mi.Net® LoRaWAN® (LW) node, by comparison, allows two-way data communication to take place within seconds instead of hours.

  • Constructing A Winding Box Culvert Channel In A Steep, Rocky Canyon

    Special precast box culverts were used for one of the most significant segments of the $25.8 million emergency water restoration project, designated by the NRCS, known as the Cache Water Restoration Project (CWRP). The CWRP project involved the reconstruction and improvement of approximately six miles of mostly open, unlined channels that make up the Logan and Northern, as well as the Hyde Park and Smithfield canals. The project incorporated new precast pipeline, box culverts, a section of pressurized pipe, metering systems, turn-outs, head gates, and improved maintenance access.

DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES

  • Optimization Of Water Treatment Using Zeta Potential
    5/27/2020

    Drinking water in the US and developed nations of the world is treated to remove contamination of foreign materials, both mineral and organic.

  • Process Optimization For Flow Measurement
    4/29/2021

    The Saalfeld-Rudolfstadt Association in Germany must rely on cutting-edge technologies that optimize flow measurement in order to allow for smooth processes and supply 82,000 inhabitants with clean drinking water. 

  • Best Practices In Moist And Wet Gas Flow
    12/20/2021

    The Wet Gas MASSter sensor is for use in applications that have a high level of moisture or condensation present in the gas flow stream that cannot otherwise be removed.

  • Hydrogen Sulfide Removal From Water Using AquaSorb® CX-MCA
    2/19/2014

    The “rotten egg” odor in some water supplies is caused by sulfide in water. Sulfide can be treated using oxidation techniques, the goal being to convert the sulfide to high oxidation state species such as sulfate to eliminate the taste and odor concerns. Traditional oxidation techniques such as ozone and chlorine can be used, but can be expensive due to the equipment required to add and monitor the oxidant, and can lead to by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which are regulated in drinking water supplies.

  • How To Install A Submersible Pump In Discharge Tubes
    11/28/2012

    In the fields of water and waste water technology, submersible pumps represent a viable economic and technical alternative to conventional, dry-installed pumps. In particular, they offer a number of handling advantages during maintenance and installation work.

  • Secret To Disinfection Monitoring For High Chlorine Residual Wastewater Applications
    8/2/2015

    Some wastewater applications require chlorine residuals greater than can be effectively monitored using DPD due to the oxidation of the Wurster dye to a colorless Imine. Such applications include industrial wastewater processes that inherently have a high chlorine demand thereby requiring a more robust monitoring method.

  • Organics Aren't Invisible: A Guide for Simple Online Monitoring
    5/13/2019

    Control of dissolved organics has been one of the highest priority concerns for most water treatment plants for over 20 years. Organics monitoring is an even more critical issue today in the face of more stringent regulations and concerns around trace organics, emerging contaminants, and even counter-terrorism or water security. Despite the critical need, many plants still rely primarily on turbidity for monitoring and process control.

  • MEGA-STOP Bell Protection System Aids In Pipe Joint Assembly
    4/13/2021

    Water and wastewater piping come in a variety of materials, joints, and diameters. They can meet a multitude of demands and needs for the country's infrastructure.

  • Flexible Expansion Joints Provide Protection For Pipelines Subject To Subtle Or Sudden Movement
    12/7/2020

    Flex-Tend flexible expansion joints have a proven record of providing protection for pipelines subject to subtle or sudden movement. As with all products used in the water and wastewater industry, protection is optimized with the selection of the proper assembly incorporated into a sound design. This paper is intended to provide assistance in both of these areas.

  • Why Should We Care About NSF/ANSI 61 Certification?
    3/17/2021

    According to National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), it's a set of standards relating to water treatment and establishes criteria for the control of equipment that comes in contact with either potable water or products that support the production of water.

DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS

The OPTISONIC 6300 P is a portable, battery-powered ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeter for temporary flow measurement of (non-)conductive liquids. It can be used at virtually any location and without process interruption or need to cut pipes. Due to its flexibility, the meter is equally suited for comparative measurements on stationary measuring equipment (e.g. pumps, flowmeters etc.) or for use as a short-term replacement of faulty devices. As standard the clamp-on flowmeter is also provided with a measurement option for thermal energy applications.

DXmic Pro is the latest generation ground microphone from FCS. Building on the excellent reputation of the Xmic, the DXmic features touchscreen operation and a wealth of new innovative features. The DXmic has the highest sound quality and supports audio recordings, so playback of any leak noise can easily be accessed via USB. The device comes with a robust carry case that can also be used as a charging station.

The flowIQ 3200 meter is a great fit for commercial and district metering with its advanced ultrasonic technology and smart capabilities. This meter provides unparalleled visibility into water usage, helping prevent revenue loss and manage your water resources more efficiently.

The Capital Controls Series 480 all-vacuum gas feeder is designed for direct mounting to a 150 pound gas cylinder or ton container. It is a basic alternative for those applications requiring a chlorine feed rate of 250 PPD (5 kg/h) or less. 

Recordall® Disc Series meters are an accurate, cost-effective solution for your metering needs. These positive displacement meters utilize the industry-leading nutating disc technology to drive accuracy and reliability.

The DR3900 is a benchtop visible spectrum (320 - 1100 nm), split beam spectrophotometer with over 220 pre-programmed methods optimized for laboratory water analysis. With your daily routine of water analysis in mind, the DR3900 spectrophotometer is optimized for safe processes and accurate results.

LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER

DRINKING WATER VIDEOS

North Carolina’s Cape Fear River is a massive water system. It stretches across the lower half of the state, collecting runoff from 29 counties and providing water to millions of people. But in the city of Wilmington, where the river meets the Atlantic Ocean, the water has residents worried.

How much water does it take to make a hamburger? How about to manufacture a car? Having experienced growing up with limited resources living in a refugee camp in India, Anil Ahuja is leading a movement to design sustainable cities and systems that protect the earth and the people who live on it.

Dr. Jamie Dewitt explains her research in Phamacology and Toxicology and why water pollution might pose a problem no matter where you are.

Discover how specialized restrained joints facilitate efficient horizontal directional drilling and bridge piping through a simplified, tool-free assembly process that ensures long-term reliability.

Did you know satellites can measure Earth’s oceans from space? The Jason-3 satellite, set to launch in July 2015, will collect critical sea surface height data, adding to a satellite data record going back to 1992.

ABOUT DRINKING WATER

In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:

  1. Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
  2. Drinking water treatment of source water
  3. Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers

Drinking Water Sources

Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater. 

Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.

Drinking Water Treatment

Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.

There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.

The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.

The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.

During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.

Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.

Drinking Water Distribution

Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.

A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.

Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.