DRINKING WATER
A Pandemic Of Another Kind: Addressing The Issues Of Clean Water Scarcity
As the coronavirus pandemic in some form continues to move across the world, health professionals are continually reminding us to exercise good hygiene and keep our hands clean. Easy enough, if you have access to a clean source of water. However, according to the USA Water Alliance, there are more than three million people presently that are without a dependable source of safe drinking water in the US. Around the world, this is also a bigger issue, as many people lack access to a source of safe drinking water to maintain their hygiene. Ongoing developments to ensure global water security, as well as provisions for wastewater sanitation services to avoid polluting water sources have been slowly adopted. Droughts and water scarcity have become issues that we are dealing with in the US and around the world.
DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS
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![GettyImages-1302742624]( "A Pandemic Of Another Kind: Addressing The Issues Of Clean Water Scarcity")
A Pandemic Of Another Kind: Addressing The Issues Of Clean Water ScarcityAs the coronavirus pandemic in some form continues to move across the world, health professionals are continually reminding us to exercise good hygiene and keep our hands clean. Easy enough, if you have access to a clean source of water. However, according to the USA Water Alliance, there are more than three million people presently that are without a dependable source of safe drinking water in the US. Around the world, this is also a bigger issue, as many people lack access to a source of safe drinking water to maintain their hygiene. Ongoing developments to ensure global water security, as well as provisions for wastewater sanitation services to avoid polluting water sources have been slowly adopted. Droughts and water scarcity have become issues that we are dealing with in the US and around the world.
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White Paper: High-Efficiency Reverse Osmosis Treats Gray Water For Power Generation
Recycling of gray wastewater as boiler make- up water was the challenge where silica value was typically 85 ppm in this secondary treated wastewater. This paper describes a new design called the High-Efficiency Reverse Osmosis selected for that task, discusses the project technical considerations and highlights the actual performance of the system.
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![iStock-645877940_Napa]( "Remote Monitoring Provides Water Resilience During Crisis")
Remote Monitoring Provides Water Resilience During CrisisManaging three drinking water treatment facilities, multiple pump stations, more than 350 miles of pipelines, and a wastewater treatment facility is challenging even in normal conditions for a small city where agriculture is an economic driver and water demand can exceed 22 MGD.
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![PSI-RCS-PP-1056-Abington-Township-PA-04-12-2019-450_300 (002)]( "Automated Disinfectant Generation And Control Systems Produce Consistent Residual Levels In Aqua Pennsylvania’s Distribution System")
Automated Disinfectant Generation And Control Systems Produce Consistent Residual Levels In Aqua Pennsylvania’s Distribution SystemAqua Pennsylvania (Aqua PA), an Aqua America subsidiary, serves more than 1.4 million people in 32 counties across Pennsylvania. Aqua PA has significant experience using chloramine chemistry to mitigate trihalomethane (THM) disinfection byproduct formation in its many distribution systems.
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![iStock-1257934776]( "Brainstorming New Ideas For Improved Stormwater Infrastructure")
Brainstorming New Ideas For Improved Stormwater InfrastructurePlanning how to address environment-impacting, water-infrastructure challenges — reducing stormwater runoff pollution, reducing sewer overflows, and protecting rivers and streams that serve as drinking water supplies for downstream towns — can be an intimidating task. A recent report from the Environment America Research & Policy Center cites many examples that can serve as beacons for municipalities large and small.
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![KROHNE Electronic ROI photo]( "The Financial Upside Of Electronic Meters")
The Financial Upside Of Electronic MetersMechanical flow meters have a proven track record. However, there’s a downside. Electronic meters — which are gaining wider acceptance — are less prone to damage, require little to no maintenance, and can be comparably priced or even less expensive when operating costs are taken into account.
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![Improving the Quality of Tertiary Effluent for Indirect Potable Reuse_PIX]( "Improving The Quality Of Tertiary Effluent For Indirect Potable Reuse With Geographic Constraints")
Improving The Quality Of Tertiary Effluent For Indirect Potable Reuse With Geographic ConstraintsThe Mazzei Sidestream Venturi Injection – Pipeline Flash Reactor System provides a feasible alternative for dissolution of ozone at the Clark County Water Reclamation District (CCWRD) in Las Vegas, because it allowed for flexibility in basin design to meet geographic site constraints.
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![Operational And Maintenance Benefits Of Portable Flow Instruments]( "Operational And Maintenance Benefits Of Portable Flow Instruments")
Operational And Maintenance Benefits Of Portable Flow InstrumentsAccurate flow measurement is critical for process control and regulatory compliance. Flow meters are essential instruments for water and wastewater facilities, installed at multiple locations throughout entire systems. For the most part, these are permanent installations. However, portable flow instruments prove beneficial in certain situations.
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Case Study: Steel Processor Wastewater Recycle
The reuse of industrial wastewater is becoming increasingly common because of water shortages, environmental necessities, economic incentives, government mandates, and societal desires. By David Christophersen, Technical Support Manager, Veolia Water Technologies
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![Flow Meter Selection 101: Not All Flows Are The Same]( "Flow Meter Selection 101: Not All Flows Are The Same")
Flow Meter Selection 101: Not All Flows Are The SameFlow measurement is critical to effective process control and management, whether for municipal or industrial uses. Before you purchase a flow meter, there are a lot of factors to consider. Be sure to answer these questions before deciding on the type of meter to install.
DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES
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Bardac® LF 18 — A Novel Cooling Water Algaecide10/23/2020
The active ingredient in Bardac® LF 18 is dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. This product comes in two concentrations: -10WT (10% w/w) and -50WT (50% w/w). Several chemical properties of this product yield key benefits that set it apart from other industrial cooling water products. It is a quaternary ammonium compound (quat). Quats are typically low cost and highly effective biocides for a broad spectrum of organisms.
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Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Using The AutoMate-Q40: An Automated Solution To QuEChERS10/1/2014
QuEChERS is a Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe extraction method that has been developed for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities.
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How To Read An Encoder9/13/2013
The HR-E LCD encoder has a 9-digit Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to show consumption, flow and alarm information. The display automatically toggles between 9-digit and 6-digit consumption, rate of flow and meter model.
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Disinfection In Drinking Water: Choosing The Right Chlorine Analyzer For Your Application4/13/2017
Disinfection is a very important part of the drinking water treatment process, and choosing between an amperometric and colorimetric chlorine analyser is a decision that depends on a variety of factors. Below you will find out why a colorimetric analyser was the right choice for our customer, given their specific situation.
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UV Technology Offers Solution For Emerging Water Crisis2/19/2014
Many are turning to UV as an effective barrier to enable the reuse of wastewater, for indirect reuse, and aquifer recharge.
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Application Note: Water Flows From The Golden Hills Of California1/20/2010Each morning John Johnson drives the few miles from his smalltown home in northern California to the Center at Pardee Reservoir. Nestled among the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, the reservoir is a long 100 miles away from San Francisco Bay. By YSI
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The Importance Of Measuring Total Organic Carbon4/13/2017
Organic carbon compounds vary greatly. In fact, one of the first lessons in most introductory Organic Chemistry courses explains that the number of possible carbon compounds is virtually infinite due to carbon’s ability to form long, chain-like molecules. While chromatographic methods like gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are able to make quantitative determinations for specific compounds, the user must first know which specific compounds to look for.
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Remote Monitoring And Maintenance Through Digitalization3/17/2020
Siemens offers to our customers the ability to make both process measurements, and to remotely monitor the activity and health of instrumentation, whether you have a SCADA, PLC or DCS system, or not. By utilizing Siemens’ ability to offer unparalleled flow, level, pressure, temperature, and weight measurement we can provide a broad range of process measurements and offer unequaled monitoring of the health and performance of those products.
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Real-Time Conductivity Monitoring Estimates Chloride Levels In Minnesota Watershed By Using The Aqua TROLL 20011/18/2011Monitoring deicing chemical levels can help researchers, city governments, and regulatory agencies understand runoff impacts on surface water, groundwater, and surrounding environments.
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Analysis Of Pesticide Residue In Spinach Using The AutoMate-Q40 An Automated QuEChERS Solution10/16/2014
QuEChERS is a Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe extraction method that has been developed for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities.
DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS
In small to medium-sized desalination systems the SALINO® Pressure Center proves that greatness has nothing to do with size. The 4-in-1 technology combines all relevant components needed for pressure boosting and energy recovery in one RO system.
ALTRA 10X is a next-generation technology that protects and renews your current water infrastructure from the inside: with minimal disruption to your communities.
Learn the benefits that over 1,300 miles of installed water technology has proven so far.
Xylem’s WEDECO brand has developed a new open channel ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system that delivers clean, safe treated wastewater of the highest standard using a minimum of energy. The WEDECO Duron UV system eliminates the need for chemical based disinfection as well as delivering lower operating and maintenance costs.
This system is designed for continuous aqueous phase treatment of groundwater or wastewater, and has the ability to remove contaminants to nondetectable levels.
The Ultrameter III eliminates the need to collect and transport samples to another location for analysis, and features user-intuitive prompts that step you through alkalinity, hardness, and lSI titrations.
Designed to transform mechanical meters into communication data points, Itron's Cyble communication modules enable remote reading and monitoring of water meters on-site events. Available for international markets, Cyble modules simplify data collection through walk-by/drive-by (AMR) or AMI/IoT networks and support an extensive array of on-site alarms.
LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER
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![lake_mead]( "Leaning Into The Challenge Of Climate Change")
Climate change is unfolding right before our very eyes. And for Denver Water it is serious business. Experts in Colorado point to rising temperatures, earlier spring runoff, and extreme fire behavior as powerful evidence for climate shifts resulting from the buildup of greenhouse gases tied to power generation, tailpipe emissions, and a wide array of additional human activities over decades.
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![istock-686284736]( "As Climate Change Parches The Southwest, Here’s A Better Way To Share Water From The Shrinking Colorado River")
Southwestern states, tribes, and Mexico share the Colorado River’s water under the century-old 1922 Colorado Compact and updates to it. But today, because of climate change and rapid development, there is an enormous gap between the amount of water the compact allocates to parties and the amount that is actually in the river. With users facing unprecedented water shortages, the compact is hopelessly inadequate to deal with current and future realities.
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![istock-1044610482_sewerpipe]( "Sewage Pollution: Our Research Reveals The Scale Of England’s Growing Problem")
The UK has around 1,500 individual river systems, totaling over 200,000 km, or roughly 124,274 miles, in length. It’s common for sewers here to accept both untreated human waste and rain water in a combined system. Water and sewerage companies are permitted to release this wastewater into inland and coastal waters without treatment under exceptional conditions, such as following heavy rainfall.
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![1121_10_NSF_International]( "Extreme Weather, Droughts, And The Impact On Our Water Supply")
Drinking water is obviously affected by the persistent drought plaguing the U.S. — but not just in terms of its supply. Learn the other effects, including degraded water quality, and how to combat them.
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![1121_18_Itron]( "How Acoustic Leak-Sensing And Data Analytics Can Save Billions Of Gallons Of Water")
Failing infrastructure and water scarcity are two major issues for U.S. water utilities. One technology could help mitigate both problems.
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![1121_04_FTE]( "Solving Water Scarcity With Reuse — The Tale Of Tucson")
Two water leaders from Tucson, AZ, reveal how big cities can thrive in the desert, even amid historic drought.
DRINKING WATER VIDEOS
Discover how integrated membrane system designs can maximize the operating stability of EDI systems and reduce mixed bed regeneration frequency.
IPR'S CIPP liner system for gravity-flow sewers and culverts is the most proven, cost-effective trenchless pipeline rehabilitation system in the industry. It is also the most widely specified form of trenchless pipeline rehabilitation.
When treatment plants with sand filtration require increased filtration capacity or improved performance, the Forty-X™ Disc Filter is recommended. This high-rate tertiary filter fits into a fraction of the footprint required by traditional sand filters. It increases throughput, improves efficiency and minimizes lifecycle costs. Each filter is backed by the experience & expertise of Evoqua product experts who can assist with making recommendations to meet specific operational requirements.
ABOUT DRINKING WATER
In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:
- Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
- Drinking water treatment of source water
- Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers
Drinking Water Sources
Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater.
Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.
Drinking Water Treatment
Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.
There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.
The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.
The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.
During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.
Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.
Drinking Water Distribution
Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.
A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.
Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.