DRINKING WATER

alaska Case Study: Groundwater DWTP (AK) - DEXSORB Full-Scale

A DWTP client in Alaska detected elevated PFAS contamination levels in two groundwater wells supplying drinking water to 85 service connections. PFAS concentrations are provided in Table 1, where combined concentration of EPA PFAS6 was detected at 490 to 810 ppt.

DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS

  • Defending Against Saltwater Intrusion

    Are “ghost forests” a sign of things to come? Rising sea levels and superstorm tidal surges are already impacting coastal areas, with rising salinity levels affecting some drinking water sources. Coastal water utilities are not the only ones that have to worry about salinity, however, as high concentrations of winter storm road treatments, gas drilling, and mining can also generate elevated salinity levels in surface water sources.

  • Lessons Learned From Flint

    We all hope that the Flint Water Crisis – where cost-cutting measures led to the drinking water supply to become severely tainted with lead – was an isolated incident. However, it is not impossible that a similar event could happen again, especially in a similarly  desperate city with limited financial resources. Here are a few key points that should be considered to avoid repeating such a tragedy.

  • The Hidden Dangers Of Faulty Equipment In Heavy Metal Testing

    In an industry where accuracy and reliability are crucial, the impact of faulty equipment cannot be overstated. The frustration and risks associated with unreliable testing devices are real and significant.

  • CCR Do's And Don'ts

    If you’re a water utility, you know about the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). It is the key element of the Safe Drinking Water Act’s public right-to know provisions, and often a missed opportunity for utilities to engage with the consumer. 

  • Responsible Reclamation – City of Abilene, Texas

    To combat drought, Abilene, Texas, implemented a reuse system utilizing O3​ + BAC to remove trace organics. This solution met strict standards, ensured water resilience, and proved more cost-effective than AOP alternatives.

  • Innovative Pipe Inspection Program Supports Meaningful I/I Reduction For A Large Florida Utility

    One of the state’s largest water utilities is facing significant challenges with excessive inflow and infiltration (I/I) in its gravity collection system, consisting of over 1,500 miles. 

  • UV Water Treatment Plants For Microorganism Prevention

    Recognizing the urgent need to ensure safe drinking water, the Queenstown Lakes District Council in New Zealand partnered with FILTEC to implement advanced UV water treatment solutions across key plants.

  • Cutting Energy Consumption Through Remote Leak Detection

    As the U.S. water sector sharpens its net-zero strategies, the link between leakage and carbon should not be underestimated, writes Tom Cork, Channel Sales Director at technology company Ovarro.

  • Santa Monica, CA Case Study The City of Santa Monica shut down the Charnock well fields in 1996 after finding methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and later trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1-Dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) in the water.
  • Valve Health Diagnostics

    Valves are one of the most common assets in the process industry, spanning all verticals. Chemicals, refineries, and petrochemicals, however, will find improved valve health diagnostics useful for critical valves and controllers in their plants, while upstream and midstream oil and gas companies may be focused on much larger, critical valves like pipeline or subsea valves. Using Seeq, process manufacturers are able to implement a condition-based monitoring analysis to monitor valve health across an entire fleet. Engineers can utilize the historical data to accurately create a predictive maintenance forecast and preemptively detect valve failures before they occur.

DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES

  • Flow Monitoring At Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Plant Improves Water Distribution
    1/6/2025

    Read about a desalination plant that was in need of a practical verification methodology for permanent and/or temporary (portable) solutions on large pipes.

  • Municipal Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring
    9/24/2020

    We arm municipalities with actionable data necessary to make informed decisions about water quality in their communities

  • Application Note: Continuous Monitoring Of Drinking Water Provides Assurance Of Safety
    9/28/2005
    A water utility in Ohio wanted to learn more about the variability of water quality parameters such as pH, ORP, turbidity, and chlorine. Previously, most of these parameters had been measured by spot sampling protocols with only a few measurements during a daily period. In order to more accurately assess the water variability, the utility used a YSI 6920DW Drinking Water Multiprobe
  • The Active Control Program For Advanced UV Oxidation
    12/1/2025

    This application note will explore how active control programs lower operational costs of compliant contaminant removal. 

  • Harmonics Reduction Methods
    4/17/2017

    There are several basic methods for reducing harmonic voltage and current distortion from nonlinear distribution loads such as adjustable frequency drives (AFDs). Following is a description of each method, along with each method’s advantages and disadvantages.

  • HOD™ (Hydro-Optic Disinfection) UV Water Treatment For Bottled Water
    3/27/2025

    The HOD™ (Hydro-Optic Disinfection) UV water treatment system by Atlantium Technologies represents a groundbreaking advancement in drinking water disinfection, particularly for the bottled water industry.

  • Organics Aren't Invisible: A Guide for Simple Online Monitoring
    5/13/2019

    Control of dissolved organics has been one of the highest priority concerns for most water treatment plants for over 20 years. Organics monitoring is an even more critical issue today in the face of more stringent regulations and concerns around trace organics, emerging contaminants, and even counter-terrorism or water security. Despite the critical need, many plants still rely primarily on turbidity for monitoring and process control.

  • Water Determination In Liquefied Petroleum Gas Using GC BID And Ionic Liquid Column Watercol™
    6/28/2018

    Water in petrochemical feedstocks can cause problems for processors. Freezing of pipe lines and valves and poisoning of expensive catalysts are just a few examples.

  • Bottled Water Industry: Liquid Analytical Solutions
    11/10/2013

    Americans consume more than 9.1 billion gallons of bottled water annually - an average of twenty nine gallons per person every year. 

  • Biofouling Control In Cooling Towers With A Halogen Stabilizer
    10/22/2020

    Biofouling in cooling towers is undesirable because it can reduce heat transfer efficiency, restrict water flow, and accelerate corrosion rates. Of even greater concern is the fact that pathogen growth in cooling towers can lead to disease transmission. Given the favorable growth environment of a cooling tower, these microorganisms can reproduce, proliferate and form complex biofilm communities. Legionella bacteria, which cause Legionnaires’ disease, are one of the greatest concerns from a public health standpoint because infections are often lethal and cooling towers are the most frequently reported non-potable water source of Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks (Llewellyn 2017).

DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS

De Nora Water Technologies has developed a comprehensive preventative inspection and maintenance contract program for our ClorTec® on-site sodium hypochlorite generation system.

This proprietary composite spiral element is available in fiberglass and netting wrap configurations with an anti-telescoping device (ATD) on both ends. A brine seal (one end) is available on the fiberglass wrap only.

The CHEM-FEED CFPS-3 Triplex Skid System design allows for a two-pump injection system with one pump acting as a backup, eliminating downtime in critical applications.

The PermaSeal Insertion Valve is a true resilient wedge gate valve that embraces applicable requirements of the AWWA industry standard and is compatible with most major pipe types. Developed with “clean seat” technology, this insert valve solution offers reliable and repeatable watertight shutoff suitable for utilities’ exercise programs.

For 80 years, positive displacement, reciprocating metering pumps such as Pulsafeeder’s Pulsa Series have led the industry. These hydraulic diaphragm pumps have been the benchmark for safety, reliability and accuracy. Today, with automatic degassing features like the HypoValve, API-675 compliance, and certified by WQA to “NSF/ANSI/CAN 61” and “NSF/ANSI 372”, the PulsaPro Series is a perfect fit for Water & Wastewater Treatment, Oil & Gas and Industrial applications.

With a wide variety of parameters to choose from, the MD50 series of single parameter colorimeters pack a lot of features into a rugged, hand-held instrument. Able to perform up to 5,000 tests on a single set of batteries, and housed in an IP67 chemical-resistant casing, it is built to perform in all sorts of field environments. But that's not all - sharing measurement data has never been simpler. Whether you prefer USB-C connectivity or the convenience of wireless technologies the MD50 provides seamless data management when paired with the AquaLX® mobile app

LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER

DRINKING WATER VIDEOS

Stanford Earth’s Rosemary Knight recently spearheaded a project to map underground freshwater resources and forecast the intrusion of saltwater into aquifers beneath the California coastal town of Marina.

Did you know satellites can measure Earth’s oceans from space? The Jason-3 satellite, set to launch in July 2015, will collect critical sea surface height data, adding to a satellite data record going back to 1992.

Nick Dugan is an environmental engineer working in EPA's Cincinnati laboratory. He is currently focused on bench-scale trials evaluating the impact of common drinking water treatment oxidants on intact, toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells over a range of water quality conditions.

Aqua wants you to know the 411 on lead exposure

The International Junior Science Olympiad 2017 (IJSO) was held in the Netherlands in December 2017. Xylem Inc. was official sponsor of the event, in which students aged 15 from 50 countries compete with one another on the topic Water & Sustainability.

ABOUT DRINKING WATER

In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:

  1. Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
  2. Drinking water treatment of source water
  3. Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers

Drinking Water Sources

Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater. 

Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.

Drinking Water Treatment

Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.

There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.

The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.

The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.

During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.

Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.

Drinking Water Distribution

Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.

A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.

Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.