DRINKING WATER

GettyImages-2149589805_450_300 Why Vessel Design Is The Ultimate Performance Driver For Media Filters

Choosing the right media is only the first step. Vessel and underdrain design often determine whether filtration systems meet expectations — or quietly fall short over time.

DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS

  • Philippines Potable Water System Improvement Project Uses Filter Underdrain Blocks To Improve Backwash Efficiency

    Founded in 1997, the Manila Water Company (MWC) serves the potable water needs of more than five million residents of the Philippines capital and cities to the east. The company serves as the private partner in a public-private partnership with the Philippines government in operating the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System for Metro Manila’s East Zone.

  • Case Studies Make A Strong Case For Ozone Sidestream Injection

    This article will explore various SSI systems and the principal benefit that each setup delivers. 

  • Sensus Technology Helps California Utility Improve Efficiency Through The Pandemic And Beyond

    The Eastern Municipal Water District used a smart utility network from Sensus to advance service and sustainability. 

  • KETOS Ensures Consistent Product Quality With Water Quality Monitoring

    A microbrewery utilizing groundwater as one of the water sources in the brewing process had difficulty receiving permits. A full lifecycle remediation and monitoring process needed to be in place to receive permits. 

  • How Does The Force Balanced FLEX-TEND® Product Work?

    There are numerous configurations of flexible and expansion joints available to the design engineer. They include bellows joints, flexible hoses, bolted-mechanical couplings, and ball joints. In 1989 EBAA Iron, Inc. introduced the FLEX-TEND® joint (FT) flexible expansion joint product into the US market. Constructed of ductile iron, the product is comprised of two ball joints joined by an expansion joint. For the first time one product was available to protect pipelines and pipeline connections from differential movement resulting from seismic activity and soil expansion/contraction in areas of poor soil support, frost heave, and transitions from stable to unstable areas.

  • From Zero To 2 Million

    Since 1977, Endress+Hauser has produced over two million electromagnetic flowmeters. That is more than any other manufacturer. “This magic number stands for high-quality measuring technology and, above all, satisfied customers in all kinds of industries,” says Bernd-Josef Schäfer, Managing Director of Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG, the center of competence for flow measuring technology.

  • Using ATP In A Legionella Water Management Plan

    Between December 2014 and September 2015 there were three clusters of Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks in the Bronx, New York City. Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia, is caused by inhaling aerosolized water containing certain pathogenic strains of Legionella bacteria. Legionella thrive in warm, stagnant water with low disinfection residuals such as hot water tanks, hot tubs, cooling towers, decorative fountains and showerheads.

  • The Intersections Of Technology And Sustainability

    Properly leveraging the right technologies can help water utilities achieve their sustainability goals by balancing three conflicting goals: social, economic, and environmental priorities.

  • Treating Trace Contaminants In Drinking Water - Aurora, Colorado

    To protect residents from environmental contaminants, the City of Aurora set stringent water treatment goals, and adopted an advanced treatment process at the Aurora Reservoir Water Purification Facility.

  • Bulk Emergency Chlorine Vapor Scrubber System Restored For Oklahoma City

    As a bulk emergency chlorine vapor scrubber system approached the end of its anticipated 20-year useful life, the city engaged Integrity Municipal Systems, LLC (IMS) inspected the equipment and proposed a system refurbishment plan that would ensure proper system performance and safe storage of the 30,000 gallons of corrosive caustic soda contained within it.

DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES

DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS

The PanaFlow gas meter system consists of two models— the one-path PanaFlow Z1G and the two-path PanaFlow Z2G. Both meters offer a high-performance, yet affordable solution for a variety of gas flow applications.

The Series 1100HV is a restraint made for existing push-on joints on large diameter C900 PVC pipes. It is built from ASTM A536 ductile iron and has a MEGA-BOND® Restraint Coating System. 

The OPTIFLUX 1100 is a cost-effective electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) with a lightweight wafer-style design. The meter is an economical solution for general applications with conductive liquids (≥5 μS/cm) and lowers solid content (up to 10%). Unlike the basic device OPTIFLUX 1050, the OPTIFLUX 1100 offers better accuracy. It is suitable for use in various industries – from water, wastewater, and mobile applications to machine building (OEM), agriculture, and utilities to firefighting.

Today, pressure measurement technology is often used for measuring liquids, pastes and gases. With a wide range of sensor technology Endress+Hauser offer instruments with perfect fit for any kind of application.

The Singer In-Line Strainer is carefully designed to protect valves and regulators from pipeline debris, so utilities don’t have to worry about costly maintenance, downtime, and repairs. Manufactured in ductile iron with corrosion-resistant stainless-steel screen, the screen design provides a smooth laminar flow, which is ideal for locations ahead of automatic control valves.

The Tri-Corr Touch Pro represents a breakthrough in leak detection technology. It features improvements throughout the leak noise processing path to improve performance, especially in the most challenging leak detection situations.

LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER

DRINKING WATER VIDEOS

The International Junior Science Olympiad 2017 (IJSO) was held in the Netherlands in December 2017. Xylem Inc. was official sponsor of the event, in which students aged 15 from 50 countries compete with one another on the topic Water & Sustainability.

Learn how a tool-free, verifiable locking system streamlines complex installations like deep-bore directional drilling and provides the security needed for critical infrastructure.

Dr. Jamie Dewitt explains her research in Phamacology and Toxicology and why water pollution might pose a problem no matter where you are.

Bluefield Research analyst, Erin Bonney Casey, presents on water reuse markets in the U.S. during the WateReuse Association's One Water Innovations Press Workshop at WEFTEC 2014 in New Orleans, Louisiana.

More than 100 beers were on tap during the Xylem beer tasting event in New Orleans. While each beer had it’s own flavor, every beer was brewed with one special ingredient… reuse water. Watch the video to learn more.

ABOUT DRINKING WATER

In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:

  1. Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
  2. Drinking water treatment of source water
  3. Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers

Drinking Water Sources

Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater. 

Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.

Drinking Water Treatment

Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.

There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.

The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.

The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.

During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.

Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.

Drinking Water Distribution

Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.

A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.

Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.