DRINKING WATER
Understanding Ultrapure Water, Difficulties With pH Measurement
By gaining insights into the diverse types of pH measuring analyzers and sensors, companies can make informed decisions to enhance their UPW management strategies and drive operational excellence.
DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS
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Solution Highlight: GeneCount NGS Services
LuminUltra’s GeneCount® Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) service takes microbial monitoring to the “next” level by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, which is present in all bacteria and archaea. This gene contains sections that allow individual organisms to be differentiated from one another and classified to the genus level. Based on this classification, we gain information about how they could impact industrial water systems.
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![highwayproject]( "Security, Strength: AMERICAN Provides Products Of Choice For Major Highway Project In Augusta, Georgia")
Security, Strength: AMERICAN Provides Products Of Choice For Major Highway Project In Augusta, GeorgiaWork is roughly 50 percent complete on a $30-million-plus upgrade of what is considered the most dangerous stretch of road in Augusta, Georgia.
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![Buried_Infrastructure_iStock-1166585970.jpg]( "Shedding Light On Buried Infrastructure Management")
Shedding Light On Buried Infrastructure ManagementA longstanding U.S. EPA document on management challenges and strategies relating to the deterioration of buried drinking water infrastructure raises issues that are still very relevant today. Here are multiple thought-provoking perspectives on how to address those issues today, in order to protect both the investment in existing infrastructure and the health of the populations they serve.
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Refusing To Get Rusty As HP PROTECTUS® III Stands Up To Ocean Air
The City of Pompano Beach is a growing city of more than 101,000 residents.
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Achieving Higher Flow Rates And Smaller System Footprints For Iron Removal With Manganese Dioxide Filter Media
Traditional processes used to remove iron and manganese from groundwater have commonly included oxidation with chlorine followed by a filter with sand or other media.
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![GettyImages-800420796]( "Water Security In Africa Starts With Educating Our Youth")
Water Security In Africa Starts With Educating Our YouthA general estimate by environmental agencies is that we waste 136 litres or 30 gallons per day per person, particularly in developed and urban economies
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The End Is Near For FOG Deposits
DO2E has designed and patented the "Little John Digester" for complete removal of FOG deposits of FOG deposits and H2S waste water.
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Is There A Correlation Between ATP And Other Traditional Microbiological Methods?
Perhaps the most common question that we’re asked is how our ATP tests correlate with traditional microbiological methods. Unsurprisingly, when people are used to getting their information in a certain way, they naturally want to know how a new method will stack up against it. However, the mechanisms of culture-based techniques and ATP analyses are completely different, and in many ways, so are the results they produce.
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An Example Set: WHUD
In 2007, White House Utility District (WHUD), a water utility serving approximately 90,000 consumers and businesses in Tennessee, faced a dilemma: how to meet a projected growing demand for water within the budget and capital constraints faced by municipal and mid-sized utilities everywhere.
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![Water glass.jpg]( "Innovative Technologies For Nitrate Treatment")
Innovative Technologies For Nitrate TreatmentConventional nitrate treatment equipment tends to generate a waste-handling issue that can be a challenge to many utilities. The emergence of innovative technologies in drinking water treatment has led to more sustainable approaches for the reduction of nitrate.
DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES
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Network Monitors Water Quality In Shale Gas Drilling Region9/2/2011High-pressure injection of water, sand, and chemicals that fracture shale deposits deep underground to free trapped natural gas is employed by drillers tapping the Marcellus shale beds, a geologic deposit that stretches from central New York to Virginia and contains gas believed to be worth hundreds of billions of dollars. By YSI
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Phosphate In Groundwater And Surface Water: A Rapid And Reliable Determination Method Using The Photometric Spectroquant® Test1/31/2019
Phosphorus is an essential element for organisms and plants. In natural, uncontaminated waters, it occurs as organically bound phosphate, condensed phosphates or as orthophosphate — often referred to by its chemical formula PO4-P. The small quantity of phosphorus present in natural waters does not promote the growth of plants. However, a rise in the concentration of phosphorus results in the proliferation of algae, which leads to the eutrophication of the water body.
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Application Note: Water Flows From The Golden Hills Of California1/20/2010Each morning John Johnson drives the few miles from his smalltown home in northern California to the Center at Pardee Reservoir. Nestled among the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, the reservoir is a long 100 miles away from San Francisco Bay. By YSI
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LC-MS Analysis Of PFAS Compounds In EPA 533 After Supelclean™ ENVI-WAX SPE Cleanup8/29/2022
This application note demonstrates the extraction and subsequent analysis of 25 related analytes from water using Supelco SPE cartridges.
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Analyzing Total Organic Carbon In Sea Water4/2/2015
The analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in seawater can be both challenging and expensive. The concentration of organic carbon in seawater is of considerable interest. The effect this matrix can have on TOC analyzers can lead to rapid consumable turnover, costly maintenance and repairs.
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LC-MS Analysis Of PFAS Compounds In EPA Methods 537.1, 533 And 832711/4/2021
The Ascentis Express PFAS HPLC column is designed for the separation of novel and legacy PFAS as per recent EPA methods. A specific PFAS delay column prevents background PFAS contamination from interfering with sample results in quantitative LC-MS methods.
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Analysis Of Pesticide Residue In Spinach Using The AutoMate-Q40 An Automated QuEChERS Solution10/16/2014
QuEChERS is a Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe extraction method that has been developed for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities.
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The Process Of Deionizing Water10/29/2021
Years ago, high purity water was used only in limited applications. Today, deionized (Dl) water has become an essential ingredient in hundreds of applications including: medical, laboratory, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, electronics manufacturing, food processing, plating, countless industrial processes, and even the final rinse at the local car wash.
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What Is Genclean Advanced Oxidation Disinfection Solution And What Is It Used For?2/18/2021
A non-toxic, advanced oxidation (AOP) formula of minerals chelated with oxygen and stabilized in an aqueous water solution. It is a viable option in industries and applications requiring a solution to challenging situations where high level effective sanitization and oxidation is required. Read more to learn how the Genclean advanced oxidation treatment solutions can be used in different applications.
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The Basics: ORP and Free Chlorine Monitoring5/13/2014
Oxidation Reduction Potential or Redox is the activity or strength of oxidizers and reducers in relation to their concentration. Oxidizers accept electrons, reducers lose electrons. Examples of oxidizers are: chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, bromine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. Examples of reducers are sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate and hydrogen sulfide. Like acidity and alkalinity, the increase of one is at the expense of the other.
DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS
The tried-and-trusted SITRANS FST020 transmitter has been upgraded to deliver enhanced performance, user friendliness and options for customization.
PFOA/PFOS in Drinking Water
PFOA (perfluorooctanic acid) and PFOS (perflurooctane sulfonate) are organic synthetic chemicals that have been used in manufacturing a multitude of industrial and consumer-based products including coatings, carpeting, and fire-fighting foams. Over several decades, they have contaminated the environment, specifically our drinking water sources, causing significant health concerns that recently prompted the EPA to take action.
The WATERFLUX 3070 is a battery powered electromagnetic water meter for use in water abstraction wells, district metering areas (DMA) and custody transfer measurement of potable water (MI-001, OIML R49). With optional pressure and temperature sensors, the meter can also be used for leak detection, quality control and pressure management systems.
The H2Zero Backwash Recycle Systems configuration can be designed for arsenic adsorption or iron & manganese oxidation & filtration systems. Whether backwashing is infrequent (every 45-60 days in the case of adsorption for "fluffing" the media beds or performed one or more times per week using AdEdge can customize a solution to fit your need.
With 90 years of water treatment experience, Loprest has the expertise to design an effective treatment process for your water treatment challenges. From basic filtration and ion exchange to multiple contaminant applications, challenge Loprest for an economic, effective solution of your water quality compliance issue.
LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER
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![0524-Freelancer]( "Funding The Fight Against PFAS And Lead In Drinking Water")
An overview of funding opportunities for water utilities to meet new and upcoming compliance objectives, as well as technology considerations to reduce further contamination.
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![0524-Stantec]( "Awaiting The Final Lead and Copper Rule Improvements: What Happens Next?")
From “Revisions” to “Improvements,” the EPA is making further changes to the Lead and Copper Rule to keep drinking water systems working toward the ultimate goal.
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![0524-ABB]( "How Monitoring Treatment Processes Drives Efficiency And Confidence")
Climate change, consumer confidence, and emerging contaminants add to the challenges of water treatment. Rising costs of improved treatment, including both equipment and chemicals, make it even more important for plants to operate efficiently.
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![Circle arrow growth-GettyImages-516490721]( "From Scarcity To Stewardship To Sustainability")
Every drop of water counts, but when we talk about our collective conservation efforts for the greater good, it’s natural to think about high-volume users. Those users are generally on the industrial side of things — agriculture, of course; the energy industry, with its intractable relationship to water; and also the food and beverage industry. Thankfully, there are leaders in these spaces who not only understand the need for sustainable water management — they pioneer it.
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![RO_GettyImages-157424402]( "PFAS Technology Options Provide Water Treatment Solutions")
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) continue to dominate the conversation as an emerging contaminant of concern due to their potential for adverse human health effects and continued regulation. This group of chemicals can be found in a wide variety of consumer products and drinking water. -
![World in a water drop-GettyImages-125143821]( "Protecting Our Planet Daily: Water And Wastewater Technologies At The Forefront Of Sustainability")
Water Online spoke with Teresa Ortigosa, Global Sustainability Director at Veolia Water Technologies, to get her thoughts on the planet's biggest environmental threats, recommended practices to make us more sustainable, and some technology solutions to help enable the transition.
ABOUT DRINKING WATER
In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:
- Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
- Drinking water treatment of source water
- Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers
Drinking Water Sources
Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater.
Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.
Drinking Water Treatment
Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.
There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.
The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.
The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.
During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.
Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.
Drinking Water Distribution
Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.
A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.
Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.