The Minnesota River Valley Public Utilities Commission (MRVPUC) provides wastewater treatment for the City of Le Sueur and the City of Henderson in south-central Minnesota. A significant factor facing the utility is the highly varying phosphorus load that challenges operators to meet the utility’s annual average discharge limit of 1.0 mg/L total phosphorus.
Phosphorous promotes eutrophication in surface waters and helps create conditions for algal blooming and oxygen depletion. Some phosphorous removal can occur naturally in a conventional biological wastewater treatment facility, but the result is not reliably compliant with increasingly strict limits on permissible phosphate levels in effluent discharged to receiving streams, ponds and lakes. By Bob Dabkowski, Hach Company
In the early days of variable frequency drive (VFD) technology, the typical application was in process control for manufacturing synthetic fiber, steel bars, and aluminum foil.
Organic carbon compounds vary greatly. In fact, one of the first lessons in most introductory Organic Chemistry courses explains that the number of possible carbon compounds is virtually infinite due to carbon’s ability to form long, chain-like molecules. While chromatographic methods like gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are able to make quantitative determinations for specific compounds, the user must first know which specific compounds to look for.
Rising energy prices have made accurate energy measurement a hot topic in recent decades. The need for accurate measurement technologies extends to many different application areas, including heating and cooling; compressed air; steam production and distribution; heavy fuel oil consumption; energy monitoring; and custody transfer. In response, new technology is being developed that integrates tasks previously requiring several measurement devices.
Hot Clean-In-Place (CIP) sanitization is commonly used to combat microbial growth in the pharmaceutical and food and beverage industries. Performed frequently as a prevention strategy, hot water sanitization is a requirement for high purity water (HPW) for United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).
A single operational oil and gas refinery produces millions of gallons of contaminated wastewater a year, leading to environmental pollution concerns. Ion exchange resins are a metal- and ion-removal solution to help clean this wastewater for plant reuse or safe disposal. This application guide explains how resins can be used to demineralize refinery water in process, boiler, and cooling water applications.
The analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in seawater can be both challenging and expensive. The concentration of organic carbon in seawater is of considerable interest. The effect this matrix can have on TOC analyzers can lead to rapid consumable turnover, costly maintenance and repairs.
The QuEChERS (Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe) sample extraction method was developed for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities.
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