In many countries we take for granted the availability and reliability of safe drinking water. A recent trip outside of the US reminded me of this fact when I saw notices in the hotel rooms stating the drinking water met specific standards and was safe to drink however, my friends from the country emphatically warned me to not drink the water.
Although industry only accounts for 20% of water consumption globally (vs. 70% for agriculture and 10% for domestic consumption), most multinational industrial companies are now focused on ensuring they provide effective environmental management wherever they are in the world.
Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have already gained worldwide acceptance in the treatment of drinking water for their removal of chlorine resistant pathogens such as cryptosporidium. Tertiary treatment with UF has been established, although with a lower level of knowledge and number of installations. This paper will discuss the performance of hollow fiber UF/MF membrane modules in treating tertiary effluent, and the subsequent performance of the downstream RO membranes.
According to the EPA, the volume of treated water lost annually through distribution systems is 1.7 trillion gallons at a national cost of $2.6 billion. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is one way to uncover the “hidden” details behind that assault on water distribution efficiency. In addition, innovative use of AMI smart water solutions also creates cost-efficient ways to optimize performance beyond recouping losses due to leaks, theft, or incomplete billing.
This municipality disinfects 1-1.5 million gallons per day of drinking water, and is currently transitioning from a small system serving <10,000 people to a large system serving >10,000 people. Chlorine gas was used as the primary disinfectant for the raw water entering the plant.
Ozone has been a proven effective method of water treatment and disinfection for well over a century.
Recently, the United Nations held a conference in Morocco related to climate change issues. The location of the conference had significant meaning because Africa has become a bellwether for the rest of the world when it comes to climate change. Desertification and rising sea levels both impact countries all over that continent.
Transporting pure salt - the raw material needed to generate sodium hypochlorite onsite – is more cost effective, stable, and safer, than transporting and storing bulk sodium hypochlorite, or gaseous/liquid chlorine cylinders from local chemical suppliers. The conversion to on-site hypochlorite generation can be achieved by adhering to these design guidelines.
In parched California, Nestlé USA is undertaking numerous measures to conserve water in its food and beverage operations across that state. Four years into a significant drought in the nation’s most populous state, California government officials recently began initiating mandatory controls on water usage for businesses, farms, and residents. Nestlé is hoping to stay ahead of these developments and allay pressure from environmental groups that criticize increasing use of bottled water, one of the company’s major product lines.
A Montana Water District was under an Administrative Order of Compliance by the EPA to install filtration to comply with the Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) or possibly loose their only water source, the Missouri River.
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