Measuring the level of tanks used to hold fluids for custody transfer can be expensive. This is not due to the cost of the measurement instrumentation, but to what inaccurate measurements can cost the company. Picking the right instrumentation for applications is important. Which radar level technology should you choose for tank gauging in custody transfer applications? Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) or pulsed Time-of-Flight (ToF or PToF).
In this white paper, learn how to decrease alarms due to redundant level devices not matching, especially in applications with high pressure and/or high temperature. The importance of Gas Phase Compensation (GPC) and how it affects level readings of guided wave radar (GWR) devices is critical. The presence of polar gas also can have an effect on the accuracy of any GWR that does not have GPC when installed in applications where high temperature or pressure is present. This paper will discuss these issues and address how to overcome them.
For a pH sensor to maintain an accurate reading, the sensor must remain clean. Specifically, the glass measuring electrode cannot become coated, and the reference electrode assembly must not become coated, plugged or otherwise contaminated by the process solution. Here’s how to clean pH sensors to ensure correct operation.
As a bulk emergency chlorine vapor scrubber system approached the end of its anticipated 20-year useful life, the city engaged Integrity Municipal Systems, LLC (IMS) inspected the equipment and proposed a system refurbishment plan that would ensure proper system performance and safe storage of the 30,000 gallons of corrosive caustic soda contained within it.
The Utility Distribution team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign manage the water system which serves the entire campus. The University purchases water from Illinois American Water which is distributed across the campus for uses as diverse as chemistry labs, agricultural research, and competitive swimming complexes.
For decades, a Winnipeg utility used a multiple point-chlorination process to treat raw water drawn from remote Shoal Lake. Concerns eventually arose about the potential presence of chlorine-resistant pathogens–Crytosporidium and Giardia–and residual disinfection byproducts, which coincided with encroaching development near the lake. The Clari-DAF system was selected and now removes 70 percent of the organics at the Winnipeg plant, which also improves filtration and extends the intervals between filter backwashes.
The Jimo, China, municipal wastewater plant was originally designed to treat a combination of municipal and textile wastewater (120,000 m3/d) with Class IB effluent limits for BOD, COD, ESS, TN, NH3-N and TP.
A landfill operator’s leachate treatment plant in Missouri required pH reduction following lime-softening and prior to the biological wastewater treatment process. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was chosen as a substitute for sulfuric acid due to improved process control and a reduced tendency to form scale.
To increase capacity within the existing footprint of a wastewater treatment facility in Michigan, two existing tanks were converted to aeration tanks with pure-oxygen aeration provided by Praxair’s In-Situ Oxygenation (I-SOTM) System.
The EPA’s guidance documentation “3T’s for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water in Schools and Child Care Facilities: Training, Testing, Telling” recommends for schools to routinely test their facility’s drinking water, with a focus on lead levels in drinking water fountains.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|