KROHNE has successfully deployed its flowmeter solutions for many applications throughout the world to deal specifically with the growing demands for accurate biogas flow measurement in a wide and seasonally varying operational range. Here are two specific stories that highlight the applications’ challenges and the resulting benefits. By Rich Lowrie , KROHNE, Inc, and Joerg Holtmann, KROHNE Messtechnik, GmbH
The City of St. Cloud, Minnesota, straddles the Mississippi River near the center of the state a little more than 65 miles north of the twin cities of Minneapolis-St. Paul. The city’s forward thinking staff began looking for sustainable green energy solutions in 2003. After planning and initiating a series of projects over several years, the site is today producing renewable energy with a 20 kW rooftop solar array, a 220 kW solar array and biofuels electricity generation.
Municipal water services continually utilize improved technologies so that they can offer their customers higher water quality. Water can be improved by partially softening the water, which results in lower detergent consumption and lower scaling on kitchen utensils and water fittings.
After an international tender process, the Israel Electric Company (IEC) chose Fluence to design, manufacture, and supply containerized ultrapure water production systems for use as makeup water for heat-recovery steam generators (HRSG) and for NOx emission reduction at recently upgraded power plants across Israel. More than 15 units of 20 m3/h production modules, each fitted in two 40-foot shipping containers, were provided to seven power plants. Their compact design allowed for ease of installation, operation, and maintenance while meeting the customer’s demanding engineering standards.
The New Harquahala Generating Project serves as a power and electrical wholesaler in the Southwestern United States. To fill the need for growing energy consumption in the region, this facility was built to provide power to the area.
The Villoresi Channel, located north of Milan, was designed with the main purpose of agricultural irrigation while providing water to the city of Milan. The paths running along the canal were also used for recreational purposes and cross through some of the most beautiful natural parks in Lombardy.
A major power plant in Thailand is using 3M™ Liqui-Cel™ Membrane Contactors to remove carbon dioxide from a DI water system. The system is an expansion project and will be used to feed a high pressure boiler. Liqui-Cel membrane contactors are being used to lower the CO₂ inlet into an Ionpure Electrodeionization (EDI) system. Carbon dioxide adds an ionic load to the EDI system, which can reduce the performance of the system. Manufactures of the EDI equipment suggest lowering the inlet CO₂ to reduce the load on the equipment and improve the water quality.
A high water recovery rate is essential for this well-known soy protein manufacturer.
Sabine Pass, a large LNG refinery in the U.S., required a membrane desalination solution to cater to its extensive process water needs in order to produce a large amount of liquefied natural gas for export.
Dissolved gas control in a nuclear power plant’s water system, including the primary make-up water storage tank and refueling water storage tank, can be essential to reduce radiation source term (defined as a release of radioactive material). In particular, controlling dissolved gases can also help reduce the formation of unwanted radionuclides, such as 14C and oxides of 60Co, and alleviate primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC).
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