Natural gas consumption is far from being constant over the months. Typically Natural Gas (NG) is stored in summer periods, when there is lower demand for it, and is withdrawn in the winter periods, when significant amounts of NG are used for heating.
When creating SCADA specifications, engineering firms must focus on meeting the immediate start-up and operational requirements of the SCADA system. This often means specifying products with which they are familiar. The engineer wants to ensure that the new system meets all start-up requirements at a reasonable price. It is often difficult to look past the immediate project and consider long range plans, cost of system maintenance, and keeping your SCADA application current with evolving technology.
Measuring the level of tanks used to hold fluids for custody transfer can be expensive. This is not due to the cost of the measurement instrumentation, but to what inaccurate measurements can cost the company. Picking the right instrumentation for applications is important. Which radar level technology should you choose for tank gauging in custody transfer applications? Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) or pulsed Time-of-Flight (ToF or PToF).
Accurately measuring flow is critical for water utility operations. Also, regulatory agencies mandate flow monitoring and require annual calibration of meters. But even a meter in perfect condition and properly calibrated can read inaccurately. Flow disturbances are a common cause of accuracy and repeatability errors.
Reducing water loss and saving money are two of the highest priorities—and most consistent challenges—facing water professionals. Both of these issues stem from water pressure control.
In certain applications, conventional grounding of electromagnetic flowmeters can pose special challenges. This article illustrates those challenges and sheds light on a unique solution that is especially suitable for problematic applications, some of which are found in desalination facilities.
Looking back on 2015, severe droughts, flat budgets, and insights on decreased reading system life have affected the way utility managers make decisions about water metering systems. As utilities plan for 2016, managers should consider four key water metering technology trends predicted to help utilities meet their water management initiatives in 2016 and beyond
Water and wastewater facilities are increasingly looking to ozone disinfection. A strong and indiscriminant oxidant, ozone can effectively address treatment issues with THMs and DBPs in the disinfection process. Ozone disinfection is also a proactive step toward addressing future rules on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other trace organics at both water and wastewater plants. While there are many aspects to ozone disinfection system design, the single most important factor in project success is a thorough understanding of your facility’s ozone demand profile. This article provides an outline of the key factors to make your ozone demand test -and ozone project- a success. By Thoram Charanda and Louis LeBrun
Perhaps the most common question that we’re asked is how our ATP tests correlate with traditional microbiological methods. Unsurprisingly, when people are used to getting their information in a certain way, they naturally want to know how a new method will stack up against it. However, the mechanisms of culture-based techniques and ATP analyses are completely different, and in many ways, so are the results they produce.
In today’s economic climate, it’s tempting to want to buy the cheapest test equipment you can now. But, how can you tell what the true cost of test equipment is? You have to consider how widely your water and chemical consumption will vary as the readings on your instrumentation does. By Heather Rekalske, Myron L Company
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