When Granular Activated Carbon Isn't Enough: Optimize Performance With A Multi-Barrier Approach

Granular activated carbon (GAC) has long been a trusted and cost-effective tool for treating contaminants in drinking water, including PFAS. Its accessibility, strong adsorption capabilities, and broad-spectrum performance make it the go-to starting point for utilities aiming to meet regulatory requirements. However, as PFAS regulations tighten and diversify, many utilities are realizing GAC alone may not be enough—particularly against short-chain PFAS, which are more mobile, more water-soluble, and harder to capture than their long-chain counterparts.

This challenge is compounded by regulatory uncertainty. While only PFOA and PFOS remain federally regulated today, legal and scientific shifts could soon expand enforceable limits. Utilities must therefore choose whether to meet only today’s minimum standards or prepare for tomorrow’s. Those opting for the latter are increasingly turning to multi-barrier systems that layer GAC with complementary technologies such as ion exchange, creating more resilient, adaptable treatment solutions. This tandem approach not only improves removal of both long- and short-chain PFAS but also extends the lifespan of media, lowering long-term operating costs.

De Nora, with over a century of water treatment expertise, is helping utilities navigate this evolving landscape. By enhancing existing GAC systems with strategic add-ons, De Nora empowers utilities to stay ahead of regulatory changes, protect public health, and minimize financial risk. The message is clear: GAC remains essential, but the future of PFAS treatment lies in building layered, future-proofed systems.