UV, Ozone, Or Chlorine: Which Solution Is Best For Your Treatment Plant?

Disinfection has long been a cornerstone of drinking water treatment, but today’s evolving water quality challenges are reshaping how utilities approach this critical process. While chlorine remains a foundational solution due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to maintain a residual in distribution systems, newer technologies like ultraviolet (UV) and ozone are expanding the possibilities for more comprehensive treatment. Each method offers distinct advantages — and notable limitations — depending on the application, water chemistry, and regulatory requirements. This article explores how utilities are moving beyond single-technology solutions and toward integrated, multi-barrier strategies that combine the strengths of each approach. From managing chlorine-resistant pathogens to minimizing disinfection byproducts and addressing emerging contaminants, the right combination of technologies can significantly enhance treatment performance. As regulations tighten and the push for potable reuse intensifies, understanding how these systems complement one another is becoming increasingly important. The result is a more flexible, resilient approach to disinfection that can adapt to a wide range of treatment goals and operational realities.