Application Note: Using A YSI Multiparameter Handheld Instrument To Monitor The Effects Of A Forest Invader

One of the most important causes of the loss of native biota is frequently attributed to invasions by non-native species. One such invasion is that of the devastating exotic forest pest recently established in Kentucky known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA: Adelges tsugae, Hemiptera: Adelgidae). HWA is a xylem feeding insect native to Asia that feeds on all ages, sizes, and species of hemlock (Tsuga spp).