Digital Water: How One Community Saved More Than $20 Million By Finding Leaks With Data

Tennessee’s White House Utility District saw employee productivity go up, expenses go down, and a major capital expansion go away.

White House Utility District (WHUD), Tennessee’s largest geographic water utility serving approximately 90,000 consumers and businesses, is using data to stem water loss and create savings for its customers. Detailed in a newly published paper, the District’s work began in 2015 with a dilemma: how to meet growing demand for water within the budget and capital constraints faced by municipal and mid-sized utilities everywhere?

Early projections indicated that WHUD might need to invest up to $15 million to $20 million in transmission upgrades and treatment plant expansions to meet its service commitments.  Expanded capacity would also mean higher expenses in terms of energy — approximately 30 percent of the cost of producing water — employees, chemicals, and maintenance.

Rather than launch an expensive construction project, WHUD opted for another route — partnering with OSIsoft, Matchpoint, ESRI, and Hydreka to develop a system to pinpoint underground leaks through software and smart meters. The results:

• WHUD had an infrastructure leakage index (ILI) of 2.86 in 2012, which meant it was losing approximately 32 percent of its water through water main leaks.
• In less than four days, WHUD discovered a local stream was a water main leak spilling approximately 147 million gallons a year, or enough for 2,239 homes.
• In two years, WHUD recovered $900,000 worth of water and has been able to drive its ILI down to 1.49, with a goal to continue reducing water loss in the years to come.
• The ‘smart meter’ approach also allowed WHUD to avoid $200,000 worth of SCADA upgrades and recover $30,000 in employee time and productivity.
• The time needed to prepare reports on potential problems dropped from six hours to 10 minutes.  
• Perhaps most importantly, WHUD avoided the multimillion capital expansion. WHUD estimates that the interest payments on the bond payments alone would have come to $600,000 per year. WHUD predicts it will not need a major capital expansion until 2028.

The Deluge Of Leaks

Recovering water from leaks costs on average $1.21 per 1,000 gallons in the U.S., according to data from Bluefield Research, or less than half the cost of traditional water ($3.90 per 1,000) and far less than newer solutions like desalination, which averages over $8.00. Leakage control is even less expensive than encouraging consumers to conserve, according to data from the California Public Utilities Commission.

Water lost through leakage is also prevalent. Globally, the World Bank Estimates that we collectively lose 32.6 trillion liters a year, or nearly enough to fill China’s Three Gorges Dam.

While The City Sleeps

To accomplish its goals, WHUD segmented its service territory into 33 district metered areas (DMAs) with Hydreka’s Hydrins2 insertion meters and in consultation with Matchpoint. Data from this network of meters was then delivered to OSIsoft’s PI System, a software platform that collects, cleans, and structures data from different devices to give engineers and technicians real-time insight into their overall operations and asset health.

Rather than try to understand consumption patterns in daytime use, WHUD monitored water consumption rates between 1:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m., when few consumers would be awake and legitimate consumption would be at the lowest level within a DMA. If a DMA exceeded a threshold value of 0.5 gallons per minute per household during this time period, PI System data would be employed to narrow down the location of a potential leak. The data would then be placed on an ESRI ArcGIS map so maintenance crews could prioritize repairs.

“Without us knowing there was a problem in that area, we would have never been able to stumble upon that leak,” said Carl Alexander, GIS Director at WHUD. “Since implementation, this has held true with potential leaks being found daily, some so small they could have gone undetected for years. We have also been able to proactively notify customers that they may have a leak, so it has really been win-win.”

“White House Utility District has demonstrated what can be accomplished through digital technology. Just as important, WHUD has shown that analytics and Big Data aren’t just for large utilities with extensive engineering departments. These tools are accessible to organizations of any size,” said Gary Wong, Industry Principal for Water at OSIsoft. “Water utilities could become one of the most important test beds for analytics.”

Michael Kanellos is the Industry Champion for water at OSIsoft.