DRINKING WATER
Pitot Testing: The Gold Standard For Wholesale And Production Meter Accuracy Evaluation
For most water utilities, master and production meters represent the system's financial and operational truth. These meters quantify the volume of water entering the distribution network, support water accountability programs, validate NRW calculations, and influence everything from treatment costs to rate structures.
DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS
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FEDI Solution For Sohar Refinery Project
Orpic (Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company) required a thermal seawater desalination solution as part of its Sohar refinery improvement project to ensure an uninterrupted supply of fresh feed water to for its boilers.
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![las-vegas-success-story]( "Maintaining Continuous Water Service During Critical Infrastructure Upgrades")
Maintaining Continuous Water Service During Critical Infrastructure UpgradesDiscover how Hydra-Stop’s insertion valve provided new control points without impacting service to surrounding customers.
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Upcoming Standards And Compliance Regarding Lead-Free Requirements
Badger Meter has and will continue to manufacture and provide products that meet the requirements of current and future lead-free standards. This white paper discusses these changing industry needs both as they relate to Badger Meter products and to water utilities in general.
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![The Elected Officials Guide to Understanding the US Lead Effect]( "The Elected Official's Guide To Understanding The US Lead Effect")
The Elected Official's Guide To Understanding The US Lead Effect“The water crisis in Flint is the Cuyahoga River fire of our generation: an event that thrust a widespread but underappreciated problem into the national consciousness.”
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![ModMag]( "Overcoming Space Constraints For An Accurate Flow Measurement")
Overcoming Space Constraints For An Accurate Flow MeasurementAccurate and reliable flow measurement is critical to many water treatment and distribution applications. However, this can be a dicey proposition because most metering solutions require a set amount of straight pipe runs, before and after the device, to ensure accuracy. To address these and other related issues, an innovative solution has emerged.
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![GasLine]( "160-Year-Old Gas Line Shows Resiliency Of Iron Pipe")
160-Year-Old Gas Line Shows Resiliency Of Iron PipeA 30-inch diameter 160-year-old cast iron pipe was recently excavated and retired from gas service in Chicago, Illinois. Installed in 1859, this pipeline provided Chicago’s residents, fewer than 112,000 at the time, with reliable lighting at night. As the years passed, this cast iron pipe continued to provide dependable gas service in the tough urban environment of downtown Chicago.
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![pinnacleOzoneDisinfectionNewsletter]( "Ozone Demand Testing = Disinfection Project Success")
Ozone Demand Testing = Disinfection Project SuccessWater and wastewater facilities are increasingly looking to ozone disinfection. A strong and indiscriminant oxidant, ozone can effectively address treatment issues with THMs and DBPs in the disinfection process. Ozone disinfection is also a proactive step toward addressing future rules on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other trace organics at both water and wastewater plants. While there are many aspects to ozone disinfection system design, the single most important factor in project success is a thorough understanding of your facility’s ozone demand profile. This article provides an outline of the key factors to make your ozone demand test -and ozone project- a success.
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![uv_disinfection_upgrade_for_water_reuse___ewa_beach_case_study-2]( "UV Treatment Upgrade For Water Reuse - EWA Beach, Hawaii")
UV Treatment Upgrade For Water Reuse - EWA Beach, HawaiiThe Honouliuli Water Recycling Facility (WRF) includes filtration and UV treatment to treat to Class R-1 reuse standards for various uses, including irrigation.
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![Lead-times-blog-image-2-1-1024x683]( "3 Contributing Factors To McCrometer's Low Lead Times")
3 Contributing Factors To McCrometer's Low Lead TimesThe key to McCrometer’s low lead times is no “secret sauce.” It’s ultimately a combination of 3 factors that contribute to the delivery of necessary flow measurement devices – despite the current supply chain predicament.
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![GettyImages-1451866244_450_300]( "Why Innovative Uses For Pile Cloth Media Filters Are Multiplying")
Why Innovative Uses For Pile Cloth Media Filters Are MultiplyingLearn about the unique ways wastewater and drinking water operations are employing pile cloth media (PCM) to tackle new and complex challenges.
DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES
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Performance Test Services For UV Advanced Oxidation Systems12/1/2025
UV AOP performance verification requires a robust test matrix covering design, operating, and control conditions. This process includes on-site execution, sample analysis, and troubleshooting to achieve successful regulatory approval.
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Aquafine Ultraviolet Treatment Systems For TOC Reduction1/29/2025
Aquafine TOC reduction units coupled with ion exchange systems or EDI will oxidize trace organics into smaller ionic species, carbon dioxide and water, which are more readily removed by ion exchange resins, EDI, and/or degasifiers.
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Bardac® LF 18 — A Novel Cooling Water Algaecide10/23/2020
The active ingredient in Bardac® LF 18 is dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. This product comes in two concentrations: -10WT (10% w/w) and -50WT (50% w/w). Several chemical properties of this product yield key benefits that set it apart from other industrial cooling water products. It is a quaternary ammonium compound (quat). Quats are typically low cost and highly effective biocides for a broad spectrum of organisms.
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Flow Monitoring At Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Plant Improves Water Distribution1/6/2025
Read about a desalination plant that was in need of a practical verification methodology for permanent and/or temporary (portable) solutions on large pipes.
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Preliminary Assessment Of Water Quality In Riviera Grise Near Port-Au-Prince, Haiti10/17/2012
The Riviera Grise drains water from the Cul-de-Sac watershed, Haiti, which covers most of the rural areas along the flood plains and areas that extend into steep hillsides. It also covers urban areas of Port-Au-Prince, the capital city of Haiti.
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Waterworks Joints 10110/30/2025
There are many different joints that can be found on waterworks pipeline components. This paper focuses on the three most common joints.
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Remote Monitoring And Maintenance Through Digitalization3/17/2020
Siemens offers to our customers the ability to make both process measurements, and to remotely monitor the activity and health of instrumentation, whether you have a SCADA, PLC or DCS system, or not. By utilizing Siemens’ ability to offer unparalleled flow, level, pressure, temperature, and weight measurement we can provide a broad range of process measurements and offer unequaled monitoring of the health and performance of those products.
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Biofouling Control In Cooling Towers With A Halogen Stabilizer10/22/2020
Biofouling in cooling towers is undesirable because it can reduce heat transfer efficiency, restrict water flow, and accelerate corrosion rates. Of even greater concern is the fact that pathogen growth in cooling towers can lead to disease transmission. Given the favorable growth environment of a cooling tower, these microorganisms can reproduce, proliferate and form complex biofilm communities. Legionella bacteria, which cause Legionnaires’ disease, are one of the greatest concerns from a public health standpoint because infections are often lethal and cooling towers are the most frequently reported non-potable water source of Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks (Llewellyn 2017).
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Water Treatment In Boilers And Cooling Towers10/29/2021
Most people recognize problems associated with corrosion. Effects from scale deposits, however, are equally important. For example, as little as 1/8" of scale can reduce the efficiency of a boiler by 18% or a cooling tower heat exchanger by 40%!
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Groundwater Remediation12/1/2020
Good quality groundwater is an important natural resource. It provides drinking water for the public as well as process water for industrial applications. Groundwater can become contaminated through a number of ways including improper handling of process chemicals or disposal of wastes.
DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS
The TrojanUVSwift®ECT provides year-round drinking water treatment as well as seasonal advanced oxidation for the removal of algal toxins and taste and odor-causing molecules.
The Tri-Corr Touch Pro represents a breakthrough in leak detection technology. It features improvements throughout the leak noise processing path to improve performance, especially in the most challenging leak detection situations.
Today, pressure measurement technology is often used for measuring liquids, pastes and gases. With a wide range of sensor technology Endress+Hauser offer instruments with perfect fit for any kind of application.
Geospace Technologies offers a complete line of AMI water meter connector cables specifically designed and manufactured to meet the rugged requirements for in-pit, underwater applications. Geospace’s unique design ensures total moisture sealing for even the toughest underwater environments, yet they are easily re-entered for troubleshooting a transponder or for a meter swap-out. Versions are available that utilize molded-in-place or potted terminators for sealing. Either version is totally intermateable with the Itron Inline Connector.
The DE NORA TETRA® ABF bioactive filter combines ozone generation with biologically active filtration for use in municipal water applications. The process targets micropollutant reduction and reduces disinfection byproducts in drinking water and potable reuse applications.
Evoqua’s MitiGATOR™ mobile systems are designed to provide rapid response to customers who have contaminated potable water.
The MitiGATOR system can be configured specifically for local water chemistry at various sites, including:
- Municipal Drinking Water Systems
- Military Bases and Housing
- Drinking Water Wells
- Surface Water
Applications
Evoqua’s MitiGATOR™ mobile systems are designed to provide rapid response to customers who have contaminated potable water. The MitiGATOR system can take advantage of tight spaces in all weather conditions, making its self-contained climate-controlled interior effective in any region.
Evoqua’s MitiGATOR system can connect directly to the source water. The influent runs through a vessel system with media chosen specifically in response to the water's chemistry. The water leaving the system will meet treatment goals.
Installation, Startup and Operation
The MitiGATOR units are shipped as insulated trailers with two bag filters followed by six media vessels, with plumbing and instrumentation. The enclosed trailers require minimal field assembly and site connections.
Evoqua can provide a total service package that can integrate the MitiGATOR trailers with additional water cleanup systems to include interconnecting piping, and automated temperature, pressure, and flow monitoring. Evoqua’s team of expert operators are OSHA-trained and capable of providing onsite system operation and maintenance.
Evoqua's mobile MitiGATOR system can be provided as a stand-alone treatment for contaminated water or as part of a fully integrated treatment system.
LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER
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![PFAS regulatory requirement-GettyImages-2220893562]( "EPA Seeks Court‑Ordered Removal Of 4 PFAS Limits")
The U.S. EPA is testing a new procedural strategy to remove four PFAS drinking‑water limits from ongoing litigation, asking the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to invalidate those limits on the grounds that the EPA itself committed a procedural misstep when issuing the 2024 PFAS rule. -
![Water Pipe Leak-GettyImages-2231516202]( "Study Reveals A Comprehensive Guide To IoT Integration For Non-Revenue Water Management")
A recent study argues that the traditional, manual approach to drinking-water distribution-network monitoring and leak prevention is no longer sustainable. Instead, utilities must embrace the Internet of Things (IoT) to transition from reactive repairs to proactive asset management. -
![oil refinery, chemical storage tanks-GettyImages-2255062009]( "Produced Water Treatment Market: The Next Big Wave In Industrial Sustainability")
With the rise of water scarcity, environmental regulations, and corporate sustainability mandates, produced water treatment has become a strategic imperative for industries far beyond oil and gas. It is one of the fastest-growing segments in the water treatment industry, which has emerged as an amalgamation of environmental stewardship, regulatory compliance, and technological innovation. -
![Water Pipe Leaks-GettyImages-511073228]( "Tackling The Trillion-Gallon Problem: Water Loss Reduction Initiatives Benefit Utilities And Consumers Alike")
In the U.S. alone, 2.7 trillion gallons of water are lost to non-revenue water (NRW) every year, costing water utilities more than $6.4 billion annually in unrealized revenue. Given the scale of the issue — volumes and dollars — NRW presents an opportunity for upscaling utility management. -
![Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA molecules-GettyImages-2179084012]( "Putting The National Toxicology Program's Fluoride Review In Context")
Despite renewed public concern over fluoride and cognition, the National Toxicology Program’s findings focus on high‑fluoride groundwater conditions — not the controlled levels used in U.S. drinking water systems. Understanding that distinction is critical for utilities navigating policy questions and community expectations. -
![regulation, compliance, risk management, guidelines-GettyImages-2253669656]( "Opinion: Why PFAS Policymakers Should Read Past The Abstract")
When it comes to drinking water, sound public policy requires sound scientific research. Publication in a prestigious, peer-reviewed journal helps establish legitimacy for scientific claims in public discourse. But science is a social process, scientific standards of evidence vary across disciplines, and peer review does not guarantee validity. For readers who stop at the abstract, these distinctions can be easy to miss.
DRINKING WATER VIDEOS
Take a quick tour of the Blue-White factory in Huntington Beach, California, where skilled employees are busy building chemical dosing pumps, complete metering systems and flow measurement equipment.
Water infrastructure projects often face extreme installation conditions, from deep-trench burials to exposed bridge crossings. Ensuring long-term reliability requires a material capable of withstanding environmental stressors that can compromise other piping options. Ductile iron pipe offers superior durability, maintaining its structural integrity regardless of temperature fluctuations or UV exposure. Watch the full video to explore these benefits in action.
ABOUT DRINKING WATER
In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:
- Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
- Drinking water treatment of source water
- Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers
Drinking Water Sources
Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater.
Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.
Drinking Water Treatment
Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.
There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.
The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.
The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.
During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.
Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.
Drinking Water Distribution
Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.
A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.
Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.