DRINKING WATER

WOL_iowa-park-smartball_385x250 Rural North Texas Community Cuts Non-Revenue Water By 42% With Pipeline Leak Detection Technology

Discover how a city solved its non-revenue water challenge by rapidly pinpointing three hard-to-find leaks in 13 miles of aging pipeline using a free-swimming acoustic tool.

DRINKING WATER CASE STUDIES AND WHITE PAPERS

  • Testing For Lead In Drinking Water

    Lead exposure, even in small amounts, is harmful and can come from various sources, including paint, soil, food, and water.

  • Choosing The Right Water Disinfection

    In the mid-to-late 1800s, chlorine had been used sporadically to help control infection in hospitals and drinking water. Common water treatment did not start in the U.S. until the early twentieth century when increasing cases of waterborne illnesses prompted many large cities to begin large scale filtration of water supplies.

  • For Pierre, South Dakota, ALPHA's Single-Bolt Install Is the 'Way to Go'

    Add Pierre, South Dakota, to the rapidly growing list of early adopters of AMERICAN Flow Control’s valves and hydrants with ALPHA restrained joint ends. Introduced last year, ALPHA saves labor, time and money.

  • Maximizing ROI With Water Loss Management Systems: A Smart Investment For U.S. Cities

    This article will explore how a typical US city can save hundreds of thousands of dollars annually by adopting WLM systems and the importance of reinvesting these savings into improving water networks.

  • Harmsco Solutions For Small Community Water Supply

    The Township of Shenandoah, Virginia was forced to comply with new regulations being enforced by the United States EPA concerning the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Cysts from surface waters. Previously, no filtration was required.

  • HVAC Efficiency – The Benefits Of Optimizing Your Heating And Cooling

    There has been no shortage of studies, discussions and debates surrounding the concept of energy efficiency over the past 40 years. Scientific studies suggest a relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change, strengthening the belief that human activity was harming the environment.

  • Dow Achieves Maximum Efficiency With Glass-Lined Storage Tank

    Every morning when you pour a cup of coffee or tear open a package of frozen waffles, the science of Dow Chemical is there to help make your breakfast convenient and fresh. Dow makes high-performance materials that go into food packaging, personal care products, medications, and clothing — to name a few.

  • Treatment Of Cyanotoxins In Drinking Water With Activated Carbon

    Recently, cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins have become a high profile drinking water quality concern in both the United States and abroad. The combination of weather conditions, agricultural phosphate runoff, and other factors has produced water conditions that have favored the formation of cyanobacteria in surface water supplies.

  • How Advanced Pressure Monitoring Bolsters Risk Mitigation And Asset Management

    Properly executing pressure management can attack pipeline failures on two fronts: by avoiding high pressures that exacerbate the problem and by providing the operational awareness needed for managing the most vulnerable spots. The insight provided by newer solutions helps accomplish this by going beyond advanced metering infrastructure as part of the building blocks for a smart utility network.

  • Preparing For Lead-Service-Line Inventory And Replacement Requirements

    With all the new facets of the revised Lead and Copper Rule revisions (LCRR) — increased sampling requirements, lead service line (LSL) inventory and replacement, new communications requirements, and school/childcare-facility monitoring — any water utility that has not yet started making preparations is at risk of non-compliance now that the new rule has become law. Here are some factors to consider when reviewing LCRR requirements and conducting LSL inventories and replacements.

DRINKING WATER APPLICATION NOTES

DRINKING WATER PRODUCTS

The flowIQ 2200 water meter has a state-of-the-art built-in leak detection that delivers uncompromising accuracy. Great for households, multi-unit buildings and industry.

Get benchtop lab accuracy in an easy-to-use, easy-to-maintain, wireless, handheld instrument designed for diverse, demanding, water quality testing applications. Select from a variety of pocket testers, each featuring simultaneous measurement of Temperature and one critical parameter:

Looking for a Skid Mounted Complete Metering System, but your equipment room is short on space? The New CHEM-FEED CFCS is engineered for small spaces. It features a compact design and small footprint. The skid is constructed of tough, lightweight chemical and UV-resistant polyethylene, and it ships fully assembled with all necessary components for easy install and fast startup.  Wall or Shelf Mount. One or Two Pump Models.

The  CHEM-FEED® Wall Mount Duplex Skid System is designed to be mounted on a wall freeing up valuable floor space. Available in a simplex and duplex chemical feed pump configurations. Pipe material options include PVC, CPVC, PVDF, and Chem Proline® (PE).

The Series 1100HV is a restraint made for existing push-on joints on large diameter C900 PVC pipes. It is built from ASTM A536 ductile iron and has a MEGA-BOND® Restraint Coating System. 

The latest generation of brine electrochlorination technology, the ClorTec DN range, offers simple operation and maintenance as well as unrivalled safety advantages.

LATEST INSIGHTS ON DRINKING WATER

  • As water systems grow more complex and climate patterns shift, Legionella is emerging as one of the most persistent and underestimated risks in the built environment. The threat to public health from Legionnaires' disease will likely further escalate unless decisive action is taken.

  • The city of Jackson faced a water crisis that went beyond the tap. What began as an ambitious plan to modernize its water metering infrastructure in 2014 became a logistical and financial nightmare, costing the city millions in lost revenue and declining public trust. Metering as a Service (MaaS) offered the city an alternative option.

  • There has been an abundance of funding available to address the estimated 9.2 million lead service lines currently deliver drinking water to homes, businesses, schools, and unsuspecting citizens throughout the United States. So it is disheartening to realize that millions of lead water lines are still delivering water to citizens.

  • This Q&A follows the Webinar: Beaverton's New AMI Solution Checks Every Box: Operations, Billing, Service, & Savings hosted by Water Online on October 21, 2025. The webinar featured the leadership team from Beaverton Water Division as they discussed lessons learned across operations, billing, and customer service, offering a 360-degree perspective on implementing and managing an AMI system.

  • Amid the AI-fueled gold rush, more leaders are beginning to pay attention to the short- and long-term natural resource concerns, especially around all the water needed to keep data centers running.
  • Water pricing often fails to reflect scarcity, quality, or long-term risk, forcing companies to act internally. But this action is not being done in a vacuum. The ripple effect of internal water pricing is bound to impact water utilities, and ultimately, ratepayers and consumers.

DRINKING WATER VIDEOS

Aqua wants you to know the 411 on lead exposure

EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy speaks at the 40th Anniversary of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) on December 9, 2014 at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C.

NASA scientists used tree rings to understand past droughts and climate models incorporating soil moisture data to estimate future drought risk in the 21st century.

Bill Gates challenges Jimmy to taste test water from the Omniprocessor, which turns sewage into clean drinking water.

More than 100 beers were on tap during the Xylem beer tasting event in New Orleans. While each beer had it’s own flavor, every beer was brewed with one special ingredient… reuse water. Watch the video to learn more.

ABOUT DRINKING WATER

In most developed countries, drinking water is regulated to ensure that it meets drinking water quality standards. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers these standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Drinking water considerations can be divided into three core areas of concern:

  1. Source water for a community’s drinking water supply
  2. Drinking water treatment of source water
  3. Distribution of treated drinking water to consumers

Drinking Water Sources

Source water access is imperative to human survival. Sources may include groundwater from aquifers, surface water from rivers and streams and seawater through a desalination process. Direct or indirect water reuse is also growing in popularity in communities with limited access to sources of traditional surface or groundwater. 

Source water scarcity is a growing concern as populations grow and move to warmer, less aqueous climates; climatic changes take place and industrial and agricultural processes compete with the public’s need for water. The scarcity of water supply and water conservation are major focuses of the American Water Works Association.

Drinking Water Treatment

Drinking Water Treatment involves the removal of pathogens and other contaminants from source water in order to make it safe for humans to consume. Treatment of public drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. Common examples of contaminants that need to be treated and removed from water before it is considered potable are microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.

There are a variety of technologies and processes that can be used for contaminant removal and the removal of pathogens to decontaminate or treat water in a drinking water treatment plant before the clean water is pumped into the water distribution system for consumption.

The first stage in treating drinking water is often called pretreatment and involves screens to remove large debris and objects from the water supply. Aeration can also be used in the pretreatment phase. By mixing air and water, unwanted gases and minerals are removed and the water improves in color, taste and odor.

The second stage in the drinking water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation. A coagulating agent is added to the water which causes suspended particles to stick together into clumps of material called floc. In sedimentation basins, the heavier floc separates from the water supply and sinks to form sludge, allowing the less turbid water to continue through the process.

During the filtration stage, smaller particles not removed by flocculation are removed from the treated water by running the water through a series of filters. Filter media can include sand, granulated carbon or manufactured membranes. Filtration using reverse osmosis membranes is a critical component of removing salt particles where desalination is being used to treat brackish water or seawater into drinking water.

Following filtration, the water is disinfected to kill or disable any microbes or viruses that could make the consumer sick. The most traditional disinfection method for treating drinking water uses chlorine or chloramines. However, new drinking water disinfection methods are constantly coming to market. Two disinfection methods that have been gaining traction use ozone and ultra-violet (UV) light to disinfect the water supply.

Drinking Water Distribution

Drinking water distribution involves the management of flow of the treated water to the consumer. By some estimates, up to 30% of treated water fails to reach the consumer. This water, often called non-revenue water, escapes from the distribution system through leaks in pipelines and joints, and in extreme cases through water main breaks.

A public water authority manages drinking water distribution through a network of pipes, pumps and valves and monitors that flow using flow, level and pressure measurement sensors and equipment.

Water meters and metering systems such as automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows a water utility to assess a consumer’s water use and charge them for the correct amount of water they have consumed.