Article
Thrust Restraint Design Of Reducers, Dead Ends, And Valves
April 5, 2010
•Article: Thrust Restraint Design Of Reducers, Dead Ends, And Valves
By EBAA Iron Sales, Inc.
This report describes the restrained length calculations for reducers, dead ends, valves, and sleeves with a discussion of several situations where economics and other factors may favor an alternate restraint method. Consideration of restrained piping having expansion joints and repair clamps is also discussed.
In any water distribution or wastewater force main system, regardless of the pipe material, the mechanical joint reducer will be common. The restrained length calculation for this fitting differs slightly from bends, off-sets, and tees where both passive resistance between the soil and the pipes projected surface and the pipe to soil friction are combined to prevent joint separation. In the case of reducers, the passive resistance factor is generally considered negligible leaving only pipe to soil friction as the force to oppose the unbalanced hydrostatic force.
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