Municipal Wastewater Reuse – The Challenges Ahead

By Randy Turner, Technical Director, Swan Analytical USA

Water resources are becoming more constrained. Obtaining surface or groundwater withdrawal permits is becoming increasing difficult. Often times deep well total dissolved solids (TDS) is often very high which requires pretreatment to reduce TDS thereby increasing operating cost. Salt water intrusion is occurring in coastal regions. Droughts routinely impact water quality and availability.

Municipal waste water is becoming a viable option:

• California – Title 22
• Florida
• Palo Verde Nuclear Station

Municipal waste water is being used for:

• Cooling water
• Agricultural
• Scrubber
• Boiler Feedwater
• Other